两大法系中的不方便法院原则及在中国的合理借鉴

一般认为不方便法院原则起源于苏格兰,并在英美法系国家得到了广泛的运用和发展。然而,大陆法系的主要国家和地区也存在着这一制度或类似的制度和做法,这些类似的制度或做法同样体现了不方便法院原则的核心和实质精神:法官的自由裁量权和有利于实现当事人的利益及个案的公正。在中国,立法中过度管辖的存在和互联网立法的缺乏使得不方便法院原则的引入存在必要性,相关法律制度的配套和司法实践又使得该原则的引入存在着可能性。应当结合有关的法律传统和司法特点,设计出适合中国的不方便法院原则。

The Doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens in Two Legal Systems and Its Reference to China

The doctrine of forum non conveniens originates from Scotland and is widely adopted by the common law legal system. Meanwhile, similar legal principles could be also found in most of the civil law countries and districts which echo the essence and the spirit of the doctrine. The judge＇ s discretion right is necessary to achieve the balance between the parties＇ interests and justice in the individual cases. In China, the excessive exercise of jurisdiction in the legislation and the lack of law concerning the internet make the introduction of the doctrine of forum non conveniens a necessity. Meanwhile, the relative regulations and judicial practice facilitate its application in China. Therefore, it is suggested to design doctrine of forum non eonveniens which is customized for China＇ s legal system based on the legal traditions and judicial characteristics.