论自由心证的“自由”与“不自由”

自由心证制度是在反对法定证据制度的基础上发展而来的,它符合人类认识活动的客观规律,较好地协调了认识现实世界的复杂多样性和最大限度发现案件真实的目的之间的关系,使得法官拥有判断证据证明力的自由获得了正当性和合理性。但同时由于人性的弱点以及非理性因素的影响,法官的心证自由又存在着被滥用的危险,需要通过种种限制性措施对其加以规制。

Freedom and Regulations of Discretional Evaluation

The discretional evaluation of evidence develops from the foundation that against the statutory evidence. It reflects the objective rules of human cognition activities, and coordinates the relation between the complexity and diversity of actually world and the aim of finding facts at the utmost. As a result, the judge＇ s freedom of evaluating the evidential probative force obtains validity and rationality. But at the same time, because of the frailties of human nature and the influence of irrational factors, judge＇ s discretional evaluation might be abused. So we need variety of measures to regulate it. When we perfect our country~ evidential provi- sions, ＂freedom＂ and ＂regulations＂ of discretional evaluation should be bounded the in a reasonable scope. Just as the saying goes, ＂do as one wishes, and don＇ t transgress what is right. ＂