《合同法》第158条评注(买受人的通知义务)

买受人的通知义务是法定不真正义务。本条一体适用于民商事买卖,适用于原给付义务与次给付义务形态下的物之瑕疵,不得准用于权利瑕疵。收到标的物,构成本条前置性事实要件。怠于通知是本条唯一构成要件,包含通知不适格或期间经过两种情形。买受人怠于通知的,视为标的物数量或质量符合约定,系法律上的事实推定,而非法律拟制。通知为观念通知,形式自由,内容须具体明确。在承认(真正的)质保期独立功能的前提下,本条的质量保证期,实为不真正质保期,即约定的最长客观检验期间。本文采实体抗辩权路径,法院不得依职权主动援引。本条不排除侵权责任与缔约过失责任,与缔约过失责任构成自由竞合,与性质错误构成有限竞合。

A Commentary on the Art. 158 of the Contract Law: Buyer’s Duty of Notification

The buyer’s duty of notification is Obliegenheit. This article applies to B2 B, B2 C and C2 C contracts,and may not be used for Rechtsmangel. The notice is the only constituent element of this article. The form of notification is free and the content must be specific. Under the premise of acknowledging the (real) independent function of the warranty period, the quality assurance period of this article is not a true warranty period,that is, the longest objective inspection period agreed upon. This article should be understood as a defense article.