论瑕疵证据补正规则

中国2010年颁行的两部刑事证据规定,对"非法证据"与"瑕疵证据"作了明确区分,并针对"瑕疵证据"和部分"非法证据"确立了可补正的排除规则。所谓"瑕疵证据",大都是侦查人员在制作相关证据笔录时存在技术性缺陷的证据。无论是从侵害的法益、违反法律程序的严重程度来看,还是从所造成的消极后果来看,"瑕疵证据"与"非法证据"都具有显著的区别,这也构成了对此类证据予以补正的主要理由。司法解释确立了"瑕疵证据"的范围、补正程序、补正的标准以及补正不能的法律后果。但是,无论是对"瑕疵证据"的界定,还是对此类证据的补正,司法官员都可能存在误读和滥用自由裁量权的问题。因此,对于这一规则的运用,应保持审慎的态度。

On the Remedial Rules of the Flawed Evidence

In China’s two criminal evidence law enacted in 2010,"evidence obtained illegally" is distinguished from those "flawed evidence".Accordingly,exclusionary rules which are remedial were established to all the "flawed evidence" and some of the "evidence obtained illegally"."Flawed evidence" is the evidence with technical flaws coming from investigators’ behaviors when making the evidence notes,which is different from "evidence obtained illegally" in many aspects,such as violated interest,violation of the process,and negative effects.This is the main reason why such kind of evidence is remediable.The judicial explanation explicitly proscribes the scope of the "flawed evidence" as well as its remedial process,standard,and relative legal effects.However,in terms of the definition and remedial method,judicial officers are likely to misunderstand and abuse the discretionary power.Therefore,some related problems should be rethought discreetly when applying the rules.