刑事强制医疗客观要件的反思与重构

强制医疗的客观要件包括行为条件和侵害法益条件两方面。通过对司法实践的考察发现:强制医疗的客观要件不仅存在放任精神病人继续实施危害社会行为的风险,而且还存在不规范适用的情况。出现上述问题的根源在于强制医疗的客观要件自身具有不合理性,只有改革强制医疗的客观要件,才能够化解风险、规范司法适用。不限制危害行为和侵害法益是国外强制医疗客观要件的普遍模式。我国应当将"实施的行为的社会危害性已经达到犯罪程度"作为强制医疗的客观要件,同时有必要丰富强制医疗的执行方式,在住院治疗之外,增加门诊治疗。

Reflection on and Reconstruction of the Required Elements of Compulsory Medical Treatment for Mentally Ill People in Criminal Procedure Law

The compulsory medical treatment necessitates the required elements of the harmful conduct and the invasion of legal interests. In its current practice in China, two problems are found to exist after an examination of the judicial practice: on one hand, mentally ill patients are not prevented from their risky conduct against the society;on the other hand, its abuses exist. The source of the problems is that the elements for compulsory medical treatment are not reasonably required. Such problems can only be resolved through reforming the required elements. The common practice in many foreign countries is that harmful conducts and invasion of legal interest are not specifically provided for the mentally ill people to receive compulsory medical treatment. In China, the required element for compulsory medical treatment may be provided that "the harm done to society amounts to a criminal offense." Meanwhile, it is necessary to increase the ways to implement the compulsory medical treatment, e.g., to have outpatient treatment in addition to hospitalization.