论外交保护行为的司法审查

外交保护行为属于国家特权和政治问题不足以成为其豁免司法审查的充分理由,近年来,某些西方国家的宪法法院已经开始受理外交保护行为司法审查案件,并对其实质问题进行审理。然而,外交保护行为毕竟具有很强的政治性和外交性,司法机关应当保持一定程度的司法节制,尊重行政机关的判断和自由裁量权,因而,是否将外交保护行为纳入司法审查的范围以及司法审查的范围和强度应当在尊重和保障基本人权和实现行政效能之间寻求适当平衡,在突破外交保护行为非具可司法审查性的先验假定禁区的同时,在受案范围、条件以及审查决定类型等方面予以合理限制。

On Judicial Review System for Diplomatic Protection Acts

It is not far sound legally and logically that the diplomatic protection cannot be introduced into the scope of judicial review based on the doctrines of state prorogation and political question. Recently,the diplomatic protections have been reviewed by the judiciaries in some western jurisdictions and entered into the legal merits of these cases. However,the diplomatic protection is political and diplomatic by nature,it is necessary that the judiciary shall maintain judicial restraint to some extent to respect the discretion of the executive authorities. Therefore,the system for judicial review on the diplomatic protection shall be advised on the balancing point between the safeguarding of fundamental human rights and administrative efficiency,while the non- justifiability of judicial review on the diplomatic protection shall be rejected,and it should be reasonably restricted on the scope,preconditions and types of judicial decisions.