非法使用他人技术秘密完成发明创造的权利归属问题研究

非法使用他人技术秘密完成发明创造的权利归属规则需基于“使用商业秘密”的具体行为类型分别确定。非法使用人直接使用他人技术秘密完成之发明创造系由他人技术秘密直接转化而来,技术秘密权利人可通过变更专利权权属的方式要求非法使用人返还其无形财产。非法使用人根据他人技术秘密调整、优化、改进自身技术方案后完成之发明创造的实质性特点皆由非法使用人创造性地贡献之,故其专利权应归属于非法使用人。非法使用人对技术秘密进行修改、改进后完成之发明创造的实质性特点,尽管由非法使用人与技术秘密权利人共同贡献,但由于双方缺乏能够形成专利权共有关系的法律或事实依据,故其不能由双方共有。此时,专利权权属可由非法使用人主张,技术秘密权利人可主张先用权抗辩。

Research on the Ownership of the Patents of Inventions Made by Illegally Using Others Trade Secret

The ownership rules for the patents of inventions made by illegally using others trade secrets must be determined separately based on the specifi c types of"use of trade secrets".One type of Inventions made by illegal user directly using others trade secrets are transformed from the trade secrets of others.Therefore the right holder of trade secrets can request the illegal user to return the intangible property by changing the ownership of the patents.Another type of inventions are transformed form illegal user after adjusting,optimizing,and improving their own technical solutions based on others trade secrets.The substantive features of these inventions are all creatively contributed by the illegal user,so the patents should belong to the illegal user.And another type of inventions are transformed form illegal user uses others trade secrets after the modifi cation or improvement thereof.Although the substantive features of these inventions are jointly contributed by the illegal user and the trade secret right holder,they cannot be shared by both parties because they lack the legal or factual basis that can form a joint relationship between patents.