以环境公共利益为保护目标的环境权利理论——从“环境损害”到“对环境本身的损害”

环境损害既包括对环境本身的损害,也包括经由环境污染造成的人身和财产损害。以环境损害为救济对象的各种公民环境权利理论,不能为环境权利的独立存在提供正当理由,因而也遭到公益权论者和人类权论者的怀疑和批评。理论上,环境权利仅仅旨在维护和增进环境公共利益,预防和减少对环境本身的损害。以环境公共利益为保护目标的环境权利理论,可以为环境权利的独立存在提供正当理由,因而也可以回应公益权论者和人类权论者的质疑和批评。这种理论既可以区分公法上的环境权利和现有的各种人权,也可以区分私法上的环境权利和现有的环境人格权、环境相邻权、环境侵权。

A Theory of Rights to the Environment Aiming at Protecting Public Environmental Interests:From 'Environmental Damages' to 'Damages to the Environment per se'

Environmental damages include not only damages to the environment per se,but also damages to personality and property caused by environmental pollution.Various arguments of citizen's environmental rights based on environmental damages could not justify the existence of the right independent from exist relevant rights.Thus these arguments are criticized by rights theorists of public interest and humankind.Theoretically,rights to the environment aim only at maintaining and enhancing public environmental inter...