行政投诉案件中原告资格的本土逻辑与实践反思

举报投诉人原告资格问题是行政诉讼理论和实践争议的焦点。《行诉解释》第12条第5项认可了投诉人的原告资格,但在理论和实践中仍存在较大的争议,需要梳理并回应。就保护规范理论而言,在实体法和程序法没有规定主观公权利的前提下,诉讼法及其司法解释也可以赋予投诉人原告资格,并可以据此推导出与原告资格相对应的主观公权利;就保护必要性而言,第5项中合法权益的规范功能能够替代保护必要性的适用;就投诉人的定位而言,第5项与司法实践存在冲突,建议将第5项对投诉人的定位由其他利害关系人改为行政相对人。

The Local logic and Practical Reflection of Plaintiff Qualification in Administrative Reporting Cases

The issue of the qualification of the reporter and the complainant is the focus of disputes in the theory and practice of administrative litigation.Item 5,Article 12 of the Administrative Proceedings Judicial Interpretation recognizes the plaintiff qualification of the complainant,but there is still considerable debate that should be responded to.As far as the theory of protection norms,with the premise that the substantive law and the procedural law do not provide for subjective public rights,item 5 can also grant the complainant the plaintiff qualification,through which the subjective public rights of the plaintiff could be deduced;In terms of the necessity of protection,the normative function of legal rights in Item 5 can replace the application of the necessity of protection;In terms of the complaint’s position,it is recommended that the complainant of Item 5 should be repositioned as opposite person for administration.