法定犯中行政前置性要件的法理基础与制度构造

行政前置性要件作为刑法分则个罪中的限制性要件,强调行政处理优先性,包含着以刑罚处罚确保行政执法效果的制度期待,是刑法谦抑性的新表达。在法定犯日趋增多的时代背景下,刑法修正中的犯罪化不可避免,单一强调犯罪化或非犯罪化均存在较大副作用,在个罪中设置行政前置性要件,重视法益恢复在阻却犯罪成立中的积极价值,有利于追寻犯罪化与非犯罪化的最佳平衡点。行政前置性要件的法理基础在于部分犯罪存在法益侵害待定状态。立法者在增设法定犯时,若认为该犯罪存在法益侵害待定状态,并且不直接涉及人身法益,当优先考虑设置行政前置性要件。

The Jurisprudential Basis and System Construction of Administrative Prepositive Elements in Statutory Crime

As a restrictive element in the specific provisions of criminal law,administrative prepositive element emphasizes the priority of administrative treatment,and contains the institutional expectation of ensuring the effect of administrative law enforcement by penalty,and it is a new expression of the modesty of criminal law.Under the background of the increasing number of statutory crimes,the criminalization in criminal law amendment is inevitable,single emphasis on criminalization or decriminalization has great side effects,it is helpful to find the best balance between criminalization and decriminalization to set up the prepositive administrative elements in individual crimes and attach importance to the positive value of legal interest recovery in preventing the establishment of crimes.The jurisprudential basis of administrative prepositive elements lies in the undetermined state of legal interests infringement in some crimes.If the legislator thinks that the legal interest infringement of the crime is undetermined and does not directly involve personal legal interest,he should give priority to setting up administrative prepositive elements when adding statutory crime.