法·治·与·行·政——德国行政法在法治国背景下的展开

德国现代行政法的建立与发展很大程度上是在法治国背景之下完成的。法治国思想从最初提出之际,就是对国家行为的法律规范要求。在此背景下,奥托.迈耶提出“依法律行政”,并以此为基础建构起德国现代行政法。德国法治国思想其后经历了从自由法治国到社会法治国,以及从形式法治国到实质法治国的演变。作为对社会法治国的回应,给付行政理论开拓了德国行政法的新视野;而形式法治国到实质法治国的演变,则在实质法治观下对德国行政法进行了重新塑造。

Rule of Law and Administration

Modern German administrative law developed under the background of rule by law to a great degree.The theory of rule by law,at the very beginning of its birth,works to control the state's action by law.This is the condition under which Otto Mayer put forward "administration according to law" and constructed modern German administrative law.After that,German theory evolved from "liberal rule of law state(liberaler Rechtsstaat)" to "social rule of law state(sozialer Rechtsstaat)",and from "formal rule of law state(formeller Rechtsstaat)" to "substantial rule of law state(materieller Rechtsstaat)".As to a response to social rule of law state,presenting administration theory opened a new view for German administrative law.On the other hand,German administrative law was reconstructed under the idea of substantial rule of law.