计算机网络犯罪规制中的“未经授权”与“超越授权”——中美比较研究

件和基础是行为人未经授权或超越授权访问计算机网络。中美两国在规制计算机网络犯罪的访问行为上都有关于“未经授权”和“超越授权”的规定,对比两国立法和司法条文以及法院判解,我国规定的“未经授权”和“超越授权”只是概念式存在,司法解释没有予以定义,司法实践也未形成明确认定标准。科学借鉴美国立法和司法经验,结合中国实际完善我国规定的“未经授权”与“超越授权”:以程序编码设限作为判断计算机访问未经授权的标准;“超越授权”是指行为人在获得授权使用计算机时,利用这一授权使用的机会去获取计算机信息系统中的数据或控制计算机信息系统,但行为人的数据获取或控制行为并没有得到授权。

On“Access without Authorization”and“Exceeding Authorized Access”in Computer Crime--A Comparative Study of China and the United States

Access is a key act in the process of on-line computer usage.Access without authorization and exceeding authorized access may constitute computer crime.About access without authorization and exceeding authorized access,there are same judicial regulation in both China and the United States.Comparing the articles and judicial cases about computer crime in both countries,the criterion for judgement is quit different.Especially in China,there are no clear and definite rules about the judgement of authorization and also no definitions about access without authorization and exceeding authorized access in judicial interpretation of the Supreme People s Court.Based on the rich experiences of US.Courts,we can use their good experience for reference.We can use“Program coding rule”to judge access without authorization,and make the definition of exceeding authorized access:being authorized using the computer and without right to obtain data or control the computer,but the one do the data obtaining and control the computer.