法政策学视野下的私有历史文化建筑保护——以世界文化遗产核心区以外的开平碉楼为例

私有历史文化建筑是具有文物价值的文化财产,在被指定、登录为文化遗产或文物前后分别为事实上的文物和法定的文物,因为前者缺乏保护的正当性,后者则面临私有所有权和公共利益的博弈,而均没有得到有效的保护和利用。要加强对私有历史文化建筑的保护和利用,从法政策学角度需要完善我国的文化遗产指定、登录和保护程序,设计出行之有效的私权保护和权利救济模式,优化良好的管理架构和资金拓展渠道,平衡私权所有人和公共利益的关系。在国家和地方政府层面构建私有文化建筑文化、产业和权利政策立法体系。

The Protection of Private Historical Cultural Buildings from the Perspective of Law Policy --With Kaiping Diaolou,the Outside Core Area of the World Cultural Heritage as An Example

Private historical and cultural construction is the cultural property with the value of heritage, are de facto cultural relics or legal cultural relics before and after the cultural heritage are designated, or logged on as the cultural relics, because of the lack of the protection legitimacy of the former, the latter facing the game of private ownership and public interests, but did not get effective protection and utilization. To strengthen the use and protection of private historical and cultural con- struction, it needs to improve the specification, login and procedure of protection for our cultural heritage from the law policy perspective, and design an effective protection of private rights and the rights remedy mode, optimize the good management structure and the channels to expand the capital, and keep the balance between private rights＇ ownership and public interest. And to construct the private culture architectural culture, industry and the fight policy legislation system at the state and local governmental level.