协商民主理念下加拿大公众参与环境法律实施的路径选择及对我国的启示

协商民主相对于参与民主而言,通过理性的协商对话消除冲突等不和谐因素,实现公共利益,更强调参与的深度。加拿大特有的国情为协商民主的实现提供了良好的氛围,公众参与环境法律实施是其环境法制革新的民主化方向,公众以政府与公民社会新型关系的参与路径确保协商主体的平等性;公众以环保专业知识、传统生态知识参与路径促进理性协商;公众以环保社团参与路径为主确保协商的团体优势;公众的全方位救济途径确保协商民主的有效性。当前我国在协商民主大环境下,公众参与环境法律实施路径应该变"被动参与"为"主动实施";变"松散参与"为"社团参与";变"无为参与"为"专业参与";变"单一救济"为"多元救济",从而实现积极、有序和有效的公众参与环境法律实施。

The Path Selection of Canadian Law Enforcement and the Public Participation in Environmental Enlightenment to Our Country

To participatory democracy, deliberative depth, aims to eliminate conflict factors of disharmony democracy more emphasis on participation in through rational dialogue, and realize the publie interests. Canadian special situation provides a good environment for the realization of deliberative democracy, public participation in environmental law enforcement is the democratic direction of the environmental legal system reform, the public through eration with the government to implement path has the implementation of public autonomy, coop- already exceeded the traditional respond to the offi- eial announcement and passive role to the active parties of the implementation of the law ; Through the professional knowledge, traditional ecological knowledge, the public raise the level of environmental protection; through the environmental protection organizations, the public improve the credibility of public participation. in environmental law Under the deliberative democracy implementation should be changed environment, our path of public participation in order to realize active, orderly and effective public participation in environmental law enforcement.