清末民国检察文书的转型与司法现代化——基于司法档案的考察

清末以降的检察制度整体而言处在不断变革和进步之中,其文书的变化尤为明显,作为官方记录反映出司法现代化的进程。在检察制度建立之初,中国传统司法审判中最重要文书之一的批词被适用为主要的检察文书以为过渡,相应的起诉文书也初现雏形;南京国民政府时期,批词转变为近代化的规范文本,起诉书、上诉书现代化成型,其格式、内容也不断适应中央层面的现代化的改革需求,在短短二三十年间经历了从传统到现代的转型。然而形式上的检察文书快速转型与实际检察运作不一致的现象也凸显出近代中国在司法现代化过程中的根本性矛盾。

Transformation of the Procuratorial Documents in the Republic of China&Late Qing Dynasty and Judicial Modernization--Based on judicial archives in early Morden China

The reform of legal system in late Qing Dynasty and the judicial brought the task of national modernization,and introduced the European procuratorial system,which changed a lot in the first half of the 20th century with the turmoil of political situation.Generally,the procuratorial system is still undergoing continuous changes and progress.The changes in procuratorial documents are particularly evident,as the official records that reflect the progress of judicial modernization.At the beginning of the establishment of the procuratorial system,Pi Ci,one of the Chinese traditional judicial documents,was used as procuratorial documents temporary,and indictment was also in infancy.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,all these documents changed to be modernized from formats to contents because of the needs of modernization reform at the central level in just two or three decades.However,there was antinomies behind these quickly changes,which emerged the fundamental contradictions in the process of judicial modernization in early modern China.