我国食品安全风险规制模式之转型

以食品安全风险规制所涉主体为基点，通过考察行政机关、利害关系人、专家和普通公众四类主体在食品安全风险规制中所承载的不同角色和功能，可以抽象出食品安全风险规制的两种模式。我国传统的食品安全风险规制模式属于自上而下模式，食品安全法的颁布与实施强化了该模式。面对当前我国频繁发生的食品安全事件，自上而下的规制模式在风险议题形成、安全标准制定、风险评估、风险信息沟通和风险管理等方面面临全面挑战。相互合作的规制模式有当代政治法律理论和国外食品安全风险规制经验的支持，有助于在食品安全风险规制所需要的理性与感情、科学与民主之间寻求尽可能的平衡，符合我国食品安全风险规制的现实需要。在规范层面上，该模式的制度框架由核心制度、支持性制度和技术制度构成。

Transformation of Chinese Risk Governance Mode of Food Safety

If we take the roles of administrative agencies, stakeholders, experts and the general public as the variables, we can type the risk governance mode of food safety as the mode of top-to-down and the mode of mutual cooperation. The traditional risk governance mode of food safety in China is the top-to-down mode, and the promulgation and implementation of the Food Safety Law further enhances this mode. In the face of frequent incidents of food safety nowadays in China, this mode has been plunged into a crisis of legitimacy. As the mutual cooperation mode is not only held up by the concepts of political philosophy, the contemporary public theories and the foreign experiences of food safety risk governance, but also consistent with the requirement of an appropriate balance between ration and emotion and between science and democracy which is determined by the dual attributes of food safety risk, the mutual cooperation mode hits the heart of the problems of current food safety risk governance in China. The institution framework of the mutual cooperation mode is composed by the core systems, the support systems and the technical ones. The core systems include the consultative participation system, the multilateral risk assessment coordination committee system, the food safety risk communication system, the participatory risk management system and the motion system. The supporting systems include the multi-centered information publicity system and the accountability system. And the technical systems include the consensus meeting among the representatives of the general public, the expert seminars and hearing systems and the consensus meeting system among the representatives of experts, stakeholders and the general public.