试论紧急状态下公民基本权利之保障

随着法治的日益健全 ,紧急状态问题越来越引起人们的关注 ,其中关于紧急状态下公民基本权利之保障的问题更是凸现出来。本文从公民基本权利的保障模式、公民基本权利限制的界限、公共利益与私人利益之衡量、宪法特别程序和国家紧急权力的正当性与合法性等角度进行分析 ,并借鉴国外宪法和紧急状态法制中的相关规定 ,提出了完善我国紧急状态下公民基本权利之保障制度的初步设想。

Citizen's Fundamental Rights under the State of Emergency

As the idea of rule of law deeply rooted in every citizen, the problem of the state of emergency arises much concern, and the problem of ensuring citizen's fundamental rights under the state of emergency becomes one of the focuses in debate. This article analyzes the problem from multiple viewpoints, including the mode of ensuring citizen's fundamental rights, the boundary of limitation on such rights, the trade-off between public interest and private interest, and the legitimacy of constitutional special procedures and national emergency powers. Drawing lessons from the corresponding provisions in foreign constitutional law and laws of state of emergency, this article puts forward some tentative ideas on how to perfect the system to ensure citizen's fundamental rights under the state of emergency in China.