我国证据能力制度的反思与完善

证据能力是证据制度要解决的核心问题之一,其主要关注的是证据在刑事诉讼过程中的准入问题。大陆法系和英美法系国家在证据资格问题上都注重防止不符合法定条件的证据材料进入到诉讼过程中,以避免法官因此形成不恰当的心证。不同的是,大陆法系国家要求法官在严格证明程序的规制下行使自由裁量权,立法上对证据能力问题较少具有普适性的规定;而英美法系国家则设立专门的程序来解决证据的可采性.并根据大量的证据规则来约束法官的自由裁量权。我国现行的证据能力制度存在诸多缺陷。在构建我国能力制度的时候.可以吸取国外的先进经验,一方面建立相应的证据能力规则,另一方面完善相关的程序,使证据能力制度真正发挥其制度功能,保障法官在审判过程免受不当因素的影响。

Reflection and Perfection of Evidential Competency System in China

Competency of evidence is one of the focal points addressed by rules of evidence.It mainly fo- cuses on the admission of evidence in criminal proceedings.When referring to the competency of evidence,coun- tries of both the Continental law system and Anglo-American law system all try to keep from proceedings evidence which is irrelevant,unlawful and unobjective,so as to avoid judge's inappropriate inner conviction in judgment. The difference of the two systems is that in countries of the Continental law system,judge's discretion is exercised under the strict process of proof,and in legislature there are much less universal stipulations for the competency of evidence.While those of Anglo-American law system lay down special procedures for admission of evidence,and restrain judge's discretion according to tremendous amounts of rules of evidence.In China,lots of defects still ex- ist in the current evidential competency system.Therefore,we need to absorb advanced foreign experience in the process of building up our new system.On one hand,relevant procedures should be perfected.On the other hand, rules of evidence competency should be established accordingly to bring the new system into full play as well as to prevent judges from being influenced by improper factom in trial.