从海盗赎金的双重性质看船东与货主的博弈

船东遭受的索马里海盗赎金损失,同时符合海难救助和共同海损的构成要件。从船东单方利益看,船东支付赎金的行为是海难救助,但此主张无法使船东从海难救助制度中获益。若主张共同海损,船东可从船舶保险中获赔,获得共同海损的多种担保方式,对无法从货主处实现的共同海损分摊可从船东保赔协会获得补偿,甚至船货同属一人时,该主张亦成立,这符合船东的利益;从船货利益的一致性看,这符合船东与货主的共同利益;从行业特征来看,作为海上运输的参与者和受益者,货主与船东一起分担海上风险,这符合海运业发展的客观要求。共同海损的主张是船货双方利益博弈的结果,体现了海商法为平衡船货利益和维护海运业发展在这背后所进行的调整。

Struggle between ship owner interests and cargo owner interests from the view of the dual-nature of pirate ransom

It gives ship-owner who pays Somali pirates ransom sufficient reason to claim general average or salvage at sea against owner of cargo. Given to the characteristics of each claim, the claim of salvage will bring ship owner little advantage, while it is reasonable for ship owner to claim GA contributions. For the ship owner, the loss of ransom can be recovered from hull-insurance, P＆I Clubs and warranty from cargo of owner. It meets the mutual interests of both parties, meanwhile, it is reasonable for the owner of cargo to share the risks and benefits from sea with ship owner. Ship-owner＇s claim of GA is an outcome of the game between ship-owner and owner of cargo, furthermore, this final result reflects the way of regulating under maritime law with an aim to balancing the interests of two parties and developing the shipping industry.