正本清源 还原海上货运代理的传统职能——以《中华人民共和国合同法》第403条为基础构建中国的海上货运代理制度

中国没有具体的货运代理的法律制度,主要通过《中华人民共和国民法通则》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国海商法》的相关规定调整货运代理行为,实践中有不同的理解与争论。从中国海上货运代理行业的特点出发,以发达市场的做法为背景,分析了中国货运代理实行间接代理制度的根据与优势,探讨了货运代理的身份识别、代理权限、转委托、维护货主利益的义务等问题,提出了应当以《中华人民共和国合同法》第403条为基础构建中国的海上货运代理制度的观点。

Back to basics and restore the traditional function of freight forwarding--the construction of the regime of sea freight forwarding business in China basedon the Article 403 of the Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China

There are not any specific law to regulate freight forwarding business in China,the activities of freight forwarding are mainly adjusted by the related regulations of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China,the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China.Therefore,different interpretations and many debates arise in the practice of freight forwarding.This article based on the features of Chinese sea freight forwarding industry with the practices in developed markets as the background,analyzes the basis and appropriateness of adopting indirect agency system in sea freight forwarding business in China,discusses questions such as the identity and authority of freight forwarder,sub-agency and freight forwarders’ duty to protect the interests of the cargo owner.It is concluded that the regime of sea freight forwarding business in China shall be constructed on the basis of Article 403 of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China.