中国船舶物权登记对抗主义的实际运行与匡正

对船舶物权变动,《中华人民共和国物权法》仍延续了《中华人民共和国海商法》登记对抗主义立法例,但在登记对抗主义的具体表述上,摒弃了《中华人民共和国海商法》等法律先要求＂应当登记＂,后规定＂未登记,不得第三人＂的做法,同时将第三人明确限定为善意第三人。这一本来更符合登记对抗主义真义的表述,却引发了海事海商实务部门较普遍的疑虑、困惑和担忧。这既暴露了长期以来学界在理解登记对抗主义上的纷争和分歧,也暴露了司法实践中一般理念和做法与登记对抗主义真义的偏离,同时还说明不仅在船舶物权变动,而且在其他采登记对抗主义的物权方面,均缺乏对登记对抗主义真义完整、准确的解读。采用实证分析方法,通过43个样本案例,描述、总结当前中国司法实践中船舶登记对抗主义的实际运行及特点,并在此基础上,通过对登记对抗主义的真义探寻,针对司法实践中涉及登记对抗的典型判断,就如何对其予以匡正提出意见和看法。

Practice and adjustment of "registration resistant theory" in ship's rights in rein in China

The stipulation about how to change the ship＇s rights in rem in Real Right Law of the People＇ s Republic of China is the same as in the Maritime Code of the People＇ s Republic of China, the theory of which is called registration resistant, but an abbreviation of ＂should registration ＂ and an increment of ＂bona fide third party＂ caused some doubts, worries and conflicts in the field of Maritime Law. In fact, these questions has aroused for a long time in Chinese maritime trial and the misunderstandings of the theory ＂registration resistant＂ is the cause. The paper interpreted the theory of ＂registration resistant＂ on civil law and analyzed 43 sample cases about it, in the end, the paper gave its view that some judges should adjust some false understanding relating to it.