“选调生”培养何以有效?——一个回应性冲突的情境设计

【问题】“选调生”是我国20世纪60年代建立的党政领导后备人选培养制度,作为基层干部的“选调生”承担双重回应性责任:服从权威与直接回应民众。政治化是提升公务员回应性的方法之一,但经过选拔与培养的“选调生”会如何处理回应性伦理冲突?【方法】论文选取11个城市的基层公务员进行问卷调查,采用分层抽样获取有效样本1004份,使用Logit、PSM与SEM中介效应模型等多重方法检验中国特色“选调生”政治化机制的效应。【发现】面临回应性伦理困境,“选调生”较“应届生”更偏好垂直回应性,这种偏好差异部分源于官僚政治化机制。四种政治化机制存在异质性:招聘环节直接政治化的筛选机制让“选调生”更偏好垂直回应性,锻炼环节的社会政治化的职位安排机制让“选调生”更偏好水平回应性;三重领导机制与快速职业通道机制施加的政治压力对“选调生”的回应性偏好没有显著影响。【贡献】论文从实然层面打破了西方对我国干部政治化的刻板印象,挑战了传统“压力-回应”的解释框架,并将中国特色干部政治化的研究向前推进。应精准理解“选调生”有效培养的障碍,完善政治化机制。

Can the Training of Specially Selected Graduates be Effective?-A Scenario Design of Responsive Conflicts

Motivation:Established in the 1960s,specially selected graduates(SSG)are placedin the training system of reserve candidates for party and government leaders in China.As grass-roots cadres,SSG bear dual response responsibilities.They must obey authority and directly respond to the public.Politicization is one of the ways to improve the responsiveness of civil servants,but how do SSG,who are selected and trained,deal with responsive ethical conflicts?Methodology:We surveyed civil servants in 11 cities by questionnaire.Using stratified sampling,we obtained 1004 valid samples and used multiple methods such as Logit,PSM,and a SEM mediating effect model,to test the effect of the politicization mechanism of SSG with Chinese characteristics.Findings:Faced with a responsive ethical dilemma,SSG preferred vertical responsiveness to regular entrance examinations(REE).This preference difference comes from the bureaucratic politicization mechanism.The four politicization mechanisms are heterogeneous.The politicized screening mechanism of direct politicization in the recruitment process made cadres prefer vertical responsiveness.The social politicized position arrangement mechanism in the training link made the selected and transferred students prefer horizontal responsiveness.The triple leadership and fast-career channel mechanisms exerted political pressure without significant influence.Contribution:This study breaks with the western stereotypes of the politicization of China's cadres from an empirical perspective,challenges the traditional“pressure-response”framework of bureaucratic responsiveness,and advances the research on the politicization of bureaucrats with Chinese characteristics.We should properlyunderstand the obstacles to the effective training of SSG and improve the politicization mechanism.