自然人基因的法律属性

生命科技的飞速发展挑战着法律,基因的法律问题显现在人们面前,明确基因的法律地位是研究基因相关法律问题的基本前提。在法律地位上,自然人的基因是自然人的一种物质表现形式所体现的人格利益,同生命权、健康权、身体权的客体——生命、健康和身体一样,应当作为人格权的客体之一,受人格权保护,称之为"基因人格权"。当基因一旦与人体分离后,是一种真实的物质存在,具有了财产权的特性,将与身体分离的基因界定为财产权的客体,此时对基因的人格利益转化为财产利益,以财产利益进行保护。自然人的基因兼具人格权与财产权的双重属性。

On the Legal Status of Gene of Natural Person

Along with the development of biological sciences and bio-technology with high speed,the problem of legal status of gene of natural person emerge gradually.Defining the legal status of gene is prerequisite to the research on legal problems related to gene technology.gene is authentic materials and embodies personality interest of substantial exhibition of natural person.In the view of the law,acting as personality interest,gene of natural person should be regarded as one of objects of personality right of materiality,the same as right of life,right of health and right of body.Gene of natural person deserved the same protection by the personality right as the life,the health or the body because gene of natural person was constitutive of a person's identity.The personality right of gene embody dominating right of gene and decision making right of gene independently.After gene is separated from the natural person,it is objective material exist and has many characteristics of property.In the meantime,the gene become the object of property right,which acted as object of legal protection and converted personality interest into property interest.Gene of natural person is legal characteristic of both the personality right and property right.