美国产品责任法归责原则的演进

作为侵权责任法重要组成部分的产品责任法,其担当着平衡社会主体之间,尤其是消费者集团与生产者集团之间利益关系的重要角色。美国产品责任法经历了从合同责任到侵权责任,进而由一般侵权责任到特殊侵权责任的发展过程。从历史发展的角度,展现美国商品经济各个时期侵权责任法归责原则的不同表现,分析它们产生的时代背景、理论基础及法律渊源等因素,从而获得了美国产品责任法归责原则纵向发展的概貌、制度特色,从中可以发现对我国产品责任立法的借鉴意义。

The Development of Imputing Principle of the Product Liability of the U.S.A.

The product liability law is an important part of the law of infringement liability.It plays an important role in balancing the interests and the relationship between social groups,especially between the consumers and the producers.The development of product liability law of U.S.A.experienced from the contract liability to the infringement liability,then from the general infringement liability to the special infringement liability.From the point of view of the history,this paper deals with different performance of the imputing principle of the law of infringement liability in the different economic period of U.S.A.,analyzes the factors such as background,foundation of theories and origin of law,thus depicts a general picture of the development of the product liability law of U.S.A.and find out the reference for the product liability law of China.