欧洲共同体指令的直接效力

在欧洲共同体的所有二级立法渊源中,指令的法律效力是一个颇具争议的问题,尤其是指令在各成员国中是否具有直接效力,更是引起了诸多纷争,而《欧洲共同体条约》和《欧洲原子能共同体条约》均未对此做出规定.以欧洲法院的相关案例法为主线,对其提出的指令的纵向直接效力、协调一致解释及附带横向直接效力原则逐一进行了评析,最后得出结论:为切实有效实现欧洲共同体指令所追求的目标,欧洲法院应当重新定义其提出的指令的直接效力原则;其中,最具有关键性意义的是,应当赋予指令在自然人和法人等私人之间的横向直接效力的职能.

The Direct Effect of European Communities Directives

Direct effect of Directives,among all of the secondary legislation of European Communities,is quite a controversial issue;in particular,whether directives have direct effect or not in each Member State is an area from which a series of litigation have arisen.Hopelessly,both European Community Treaty and European Atomic Energy Treaty keep silent on the matter.On the basis of the European Court of Justice's relevant case law,the paper investigates the principle of direct effect of directives developed by the ECJ in terms of the vertical direct effect,harmonious interpretation,and incidental horizontal effect.It concludes by proposing that a reformulation of the present principle be made so as to contribute realistically and effectively to the achievement of aims pursued by directives;what is the most desirable and crucial for this purpose is that horizontal direct effect of directives be stipulated,or more properly to say,accepted among European individuals,including natural and legal persons.