预防性犯罪化立法:路径、功能、弊端与完善

预防性犯罪化立法作为我国近年来刑法立法的重要实践,在预防犯罪方面发挥了极其重要的作用。我国预防性犯罪化立法主要有预备行为犯罪化、持有行为犯罪化、煽动行为犯罪化、抽象危险犯这四种实践方式,具有抵御日益积聚的刑事风险、实现刑罚双面预防目的、贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的重要刑法功能。然而,预防性犯罪化立法又存在着引发刑法工具主义滥觞、冲击谦抑主义刑法精神的弊端。随着风险社会的到来,预防性犯罪化立法还将呈现扩张趋势,探索预防性犯罪化立法的科学有效路径势在必行。就未来的预防性犯罪化立法而言,必须以宪法为引领,以刑法的基本原则为遵循,并采取多轨制的刑法立法模式。

Legislation of Preventive Criminalization:Paths,Functions,Malpractices and Perfection

As an important practice of criminal law legislation in recent years,the legislation of preventive criminalization plays an extremely important role in crime prevention.The legislation of preventive criminalization in China mainly includes four practical forms:criminalization of preparatory act,criminalization of holding behavior,criminalization of incitement behavior and abstract dangerous crime.It has important criminal law functions of resisting the increasingly accumulated criminal risks,realizing the purpose of dual prevention of punishment and implementing the criminal policy of temper justice with mercy.However,the legislation of preventive criminalization also causes the emergence of instrumentalism of criminal law and impacts the criminal law spirit of modesty.With the advent of risk society,the legislation of preventive criminalization will also show an expanding trend,so it is necessary to explore a scientific and effective path for the legislation of preventive criminalization.The future legislation of preventive criminalization must be guided by the constitution,followed by the basic principles of criminal law,and a multi-track criminal law legislative model should be adopted.