我国刑事赔偿制度归责原则反思

对刑事赔偿的归责原则,我国有学者主张适用过错责任原则,有学者主张适用违法责任原则,还有学者主张适用结果责任原则,等等。这些原则在解决应否赔偿的问题上都存在难以克服的缺陷。之所以如此,主要是因为刑事赔偿制度与一般侵权赔偿制度有重大区别,刑事赔偿程序由国家向受害者支付赔偿费用的程序以及追偿程序两大程序构成,这两大程序应适用不同的归责原则:前一程序应适用结果责任原则,后一程序应适用过错责任原则。我国国家赔偿法对刑事赔偿归责原则的规定存在严重缺陷,应当进行彻底重构。

Criticize on the Culpability Principle of Criminal Compensation System in Our Country

There are many doctrines about the culpability principle of criminal compensation,such as the doctrine of liability for wrongs,doctrine of violations of law and the consequential responsibility doctrine,etc.The reason why these doctrines have unconquerable defects when solving criminal compensation problems is that the criminal compensation system are quiet different from other tort laws.The criminal compensation procedure is composed by two different procedures: the compensation procedure and the recovery procedure.Different culpability principles should be adopted by these two procedures,consequential responsibility doctrine should be adopted for the compensation procedure,and the doctrine of liability for wrongs should be adopted in the recovery procedure.The culpability principle of criminal compensation system in our country has serious defect,and we should carry on thorough reform.