平台视角中的社会信用治理及其法律规制

在大数据时代,无论是企业还是政府都逐渐走向平台化。依托于数字技术的发展,以声誉为核心的信用治理在平台治理中发挥了重要作用。对于商业平台而言,信用治理可以高效地管理平台上的生产和交易行为,减少国家权力的介入;对于政府平台而言,信用治理不仅可以减少执法成本,还可以促进国家内部权力的整合,并促使国家权力进一步向社会领域延伸。但是,由于缺乏有效规制,信用治理在商业领域存在着评价黑箱化、商业化和垄断化的公平性问题。在公共管理领域,信用治理在信用信息平台建设、政府内部权力整合、数据收集和使用等方面都面临着挑战。对此,法律规制应该以整体制度设计、市场结构调整和优化规制手段为导向,并从限制信用评价的适用范围、引入多元治理模式和培育国家数据能力等方面实现对信用治理的具体规制。

Social Credit Governance in the Platform and its Regulation

In the era of big data,both enterprises and governments are gradually tending to be a kind of platform.Relying on the development of digital technology,credit governance which regards reputation as its core plays an important role in platform governance.For commercial platforms,credit governance can effectively manage the production and trading behaviors on the platform and reduce the intervention of public power;For government platforms,credit governance can not only reduce the costs of law enforcement,but also promote the integration of all kinds of public power and further extend public power to the social field.However,due to the lack of effective regulation,credit governance in the business area has the evaluation of the black box,commercialization and monopoly of the fairness of the problem.In the field of public management,credit governance is facing challenges in the construction of credit information platform,the integration of public power,the collection and use of data and other aspects.In order to solve the problems,the legal regulation should be oriented by the overall design of the system,the adjustment of market structure and optimization of regulation means,in the meantime,the specific regulation of credit governance should be realized by means of restricting the application scope of credit valuation,introducing multiple governance models and cultivating national data capacity.