BBNJ国际协定中人类共同继承财产原则的去留探析——人类命运共同体理念下的中国因应之策

国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)养护和可持续利用国际协定的立法进程已进入关键阶段。其中,关于BBNJ国际协定的一般原则或方法条款中是否包含人类共同继承财产原则这一问题,各方代表立场不同,再次成为谈判焦点之一。从全球海洋治理中,国际法理论与实践创新以及国家利益视角分析,得出中国应当支持此原则被明确列入BBNJ国际协定一般性条款之中。但是,解构当前人类共同继承财产原则的法律内涵与适用,结合现有各方立场,得出此原则最终被明确列入BBNJ国际协定一般原则或方法条款中的实然可能性偏小。基于此,建议中国首先立足争议问题本身,将人类命运共同体理念作为价值导向引入BBNJ国际协定,增强各方国际合作与责任承担共识,平衡诉求矛盾,推进BBNJ国际协定的出台与生效;其次,通过引入人类命运共同体理念,完善人类共同继承财产原则的国际法内涵,增强该原则在谈判中的国际认同度与采纳度,并通过阐释中国支持性的主张,进一步增强中国运用人类命运共同体理念参与并引导全球海洋治理的能力。

An Analysis on the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle’s Appearance Or Not in the BBNJ International Agreement

The regulatory process on developing an internationally legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction(BBNJ) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) has come to a vital stage. Whether the BBNJ international agreement contains the principle of common inheritance of mankind has becoming an arguing issue.The representatives of the parties take different positions.From the perspective of international law theory and practice innovation and national interests in global ocean governance, it is concluded that China should support this principle to be explicitly included in the general clauses of the BBNJ international agreement. However, combining the current negotiation process and analyzing the connotation and application of the common heritage of mankind principle, it is concluded that the possibility that this principle will eventually be explicitly included in the general principles or method clauses of the BBNJ international agreement is actually relatively small. Therefore, it is recommended that China focusing on the controversial issue itself, introduce the concept of community of shared future for mankind into the BBNJ international agreement, enhance the awareness of international cooperation and responsibility of all parties, first resolve the conflicts of appeals, advance the BBNJ legislative process, and promote the introduction of the BBNJ international agreement;secondly, introduce the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, expand the connotation of the principle of common inheritance of mankind, enhance its international recognition in negotiations, and further enhance China’s ability to participate in and guide global ocean governance.