权利本位论新解——以中西比较为视角

如果将"权利本位"与"right-based"互译是最好的译法,那么中国学术界和英美学术界都存在着某种形式的权利本位论。将英美权利本位论与中国权利本位论进行对照和比较,有利于深化对权利本位论的学术认知,推进权利本位论的理论发展。权利本位论属于权利的价值理论,贯穿于道德哲学、法哲学、政治哲学等学科领域。权利本位论的基本思想可以概括为四个"先于",即权利先于功利、权利先于义务、权利先于权力、权利先于立法。权利本位论可以划分出自由至上主义权利本位论、平等主义权利本位论和马克思主义权利本位论三个分支。中国权利本位论要继续向前发展,必须实现从自说自话到中西对话、从法哲学理论到多学科理论、从理论体系到实践方法论的三大转变。

A Reinterpretation of Right-Based Theory

There is some kind of right-based theory both in China and in Anglo-American countries,which will help to deepen our understanding of right-based theory and advance its development if we compare Chinese right-based theory with Anglo-American right-based theory. Right-based theory belongs to value theories of rights,and runs through moral,legal and political philosophies. Its basic thoughts can be summarized as four ＂priorities＂： rights are prior to utility;rights are prior to duties; rights are prior to power and rights are prior to legislation. According to the philosophical foundations and theoretical keynotes,it may be divided into three branches： libertarian,egalitarian and Marxist right-based theories. In order to make further progress,Chinese right-based theory should transform from isolation to opening-up,from legal theory to multidisciplinary theories and from theoretical system to practical methodology.