生物技术对专利制度的挑战与中国专利法修改探讨

蓬勃发展的现代生物技术已对传统专利制度形成了挑战。美国率先对基因、转基因技术授予专利 ,欧盟随之对生物技术发明出台法律保护指令 ,中国虽早有水稻等基因技术产品的发明与大面积种植 ,却在 2 0 0 1年修订的专利法中回避了生物技术发明的可专利性 ,使生物技术陷入努力开发但得不到充分法律保护的窘境。因此 ,阐明生物技术对专利制度的挑战 ,比较欧盟立法 ,探讨中国生物技术专利保护对生物技术发展的影响 ,及生物技术专利的国际合法性 ,对中国专利法修改提出意见 ,当前亟具意义

Patent System Challenged by Biotechnology and the Revision of China's Patent Law

With only several decades, the prosperous development of modern biotechnology has formed a challenge to the traditional patent system. The US firstly awarded patent to genetic and transgenic technology, after that the EU promulgated the regulation on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. Although China had early invented genetic biotechnological products such as rice, which had been grown in large area, Revised Patent Law in 2001 evaded the patentability of biotechnological inventions. This makes biotechnology trap in the quagmire of industrious development but without legal protection. Thus this paper focuses on the patent system challenged by the biotechnology, compared with the EU legislation. On this basis, the paper probes into the impact of the patent protection of China's biotechnology on the biotechnological development, and the international legality of patent biotechnology. In conclusion, it puts forward some ideas for the revision of China's Patent Law.