实体请求权与诉讼请求权之辨——从物权确认请求权谈起

从请求权制度功能上来看，请求权首先是实体法上的权利，具有主观权利的一般特征；其次是实体与诉讼的桥梁。在德国法上，通过代位诉讼以及确认之诉的性质争议，逐渐独立出诉讼上请求权，即争议标的，并将其定为在对国家的法律保护请求权上。由此，诉讼请求权与实体请求权各自适用不同的规则，在某些情况下，对前者可以准用后者的规则，但对诉讼请求权，一般不得为实体法上的处分，如转让、免除、自愿履行等，也无适用诉讼时效之问题。物权确认请求权是确认之诉的一种，其客体应是法律关系，而不是“物权归属与内容”。在存在给付之诉或者其他救济可能时，原则上给付之诉或者其他救济措施优先。

The Discrimination Between Substantive Claim and Procedural Claim:From the Perspective of Claim of Property Confirmation

From the aspect of the system functions,claim itself is a kind of substantive rights,which has the general characteristics of the subjective rights;and also it's a link between substantive claim and procedural claim.In Germany law system,procedural claim,namely object of action,becomes more and more independent because of the controversy on nature of the suit of declaration.As a result,substantive claim and procedural claim apply to different rules,and in some cases,the latter's rule can be permitted by the...