论应对“危机型”突发事件的代替性策略——“必需之法则”

“危机型”突发事件的本质及法律本身功能的局限性，决定了人们无法解决非常状态下“法律与需要”之间的矛盾。“必需之法则”可以作为应对“危机型”突发事件的代替性策略。作为一种理想类型的“必需之法则”是由社会危机的极端性、自由裁量性、不受法律约束性、事后公开说理性等六个要素构成。它的理论价值在于能够增强人们对宪法长远的信仰和对法治的忠诚，能够防止集权主义有效地解决“危机型”突发事件，能够动员全社会力量共同解决危机。“必需之法则”可以与法律主义相互补充，作为我国政府应对极端危机事件的方法，也可以有效提升公民在社会危机发生过程中的公德，克服政府官员和公民的冷漠、怠责与怯懦。

The law of Necessity:An Alternative Strategy to the"Crisis" Emergencies

The essence of the "crisis" emergencies and the limit of the law itself determine that people can not deal with the contradiction between "law and necessity"."The law of necessity " can be a substituted way to cope with the "crisis" emergencies.As an ideal type,its basic elements are discretionary,extra-legal,disclosed to the public,ex post ratification,etc.It can strengthen the people to believe the constitutional law and be loyal to the rule of law.It can deal with "Crisis" emergencies and mobilize the re...