反不正当竞争法“权利”与“利益”双重客体保护新论

"权利一元保护"与"利益一元保护"是学界对反不正当竞争法(反法)保护客体的一般概括,且建基于反法"利益一元保护"通说之上的知识产权法往往具有适用上的优先性。但是,从反法的历史血统、利益与权利的转化程式以及现行反法的规范实践来看,利益与权利双重保护更符合反法的客观实际:在历史演化层面,反法虽从民法中分离,但本质上却承继了传统民法中权利与利益双重保护的血统;在转化程式上,反法伴随着"利益—法益—应然权利—法定权利"的转化路径而形成一种"随动关系",既为这一"过程利益"提供保护,又将作为"转化节点"的具体"法益"和"权利"以实定法的方式确立下来;在规范实践方面,作为法益保护的经营者利益以及社会公共利益、作为应然权利的商誉权、作为从应然权利向法定权利成功转型的商业秘密权,以及作为法定权利的消费者知情权等客体均得到了反法的实际承认。在双重客体保护论的基础上,反法中的诸多疑难问题均可获得进一步释明。

Rethinking Dual Object Protection of“Rights”and“Interests”in Competition Law

“Unitary protection of rights”and“unitary protection of interests”are the general summary of the protected object of Anti-unfair Competition Law(“AUCL”)in academic circles,and the Intellectual Property Law based on the general theory of“unitary protection of interests”of AUCL often has priority in application.However,from the perspectives of the historical origin of AUCL,the transformation process between interests and rights,and the legal practices of the current AUCL,the double protection of rights and interests is more consistent with the objective reality of AUCL.From the perspective of historical evolution,though AUCL is separated from Civil Law,it essentially has inherited the origin of dual protection of rights and interests in the traditional Civil Law.In terms of the transformation process,AUCL has formed a“follow-up relationship”with the transformation path of“interests-legal interests-idealistic rights-legal rights”,which not only provides protection for the“process interests”,but also establishes the specific“legal interests”and“rights”as the“transformation node”in the way of black letter law.In terms of the legal practices,the operato’s interests and social public interests protected by legal interests,the right of goodwill as an idealistic right,the trade secret right as a successful transition from the idealistic right to legal right,and consumer’s right of information as a legal right,and other objects,have all been actually recognized by AUCL.Based on the theory of dual object protection of rights and interests,many difficult problems in AUCL can be further explained.