物权变动模式的理想方案与现实选择

从长远看,物权变动的理想设计方案是:对于不动产物权,登记于物的编成主义的不动产登记簿,应统一采取登记生效主义;对于动产担保物权,登记于人的编成主义的动产与权利担保登记簿,应统一采取登记对抗主义;对于特殊动产物权,应该区分所有权变动和担保物权变动,并区分机动车、内河船舶与跨国列车、航空器、海船,分采不同的物权变动模式。尽管《中华人民共和国民法典·物权编(草案二次审议稿)》与新修订的《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》基于各种现实考虑,没有完全采纳上述方案,但是由于登记对抗主义解释上的灵活性,未来仍然可以通过对第三人的范围做弹性解释,在最终结果上达到类似上述理想方案的效果。

The Ideal Scheme and Realistic Choice of Real Right Change Mode

In the long run, the ideal design scheme for the variation of real right should be as follows: the real estate rights should be registered in the real estate register which is asset - based registration and the registration effectiveness doctrine should be adopt;the secured interests on movables should be registered in the register for movable property and rights security which is person - based registration and the registration confrontation doctrine should be adopt;for special movable property, the variation of ownership? and real rights for security should be distinguished ,and the property change modes of motor vehicles, inland river vessels, multinational trains, aircraft, and sea ships also should be distinguished. Based on various practical considerations, the above scheme has not been fully adopted by the Civil Code Draft ( second draft) and the newly revised rural land contracting law. However, in the future, we could arrive at the similar effect by interpreting the scope of third parties flexibly, owing to the flexibility of the registration confrontation doctrine.