生物安全风险规制的正当性及其制度展开——以损害赔偿为视角

国际社会对生物安全损害赔偿的关注由来已久,并经过几十年的努力形成了一个框架性法律机制。与国际层面的积极努力相比,生物安全损害赔偿法律机制在国别法层面的响应相对冷淡,在我国亦为如此。关于现代生物技术及其法律规制的争论的主要原因在于对风险认知的不同解读。将风险认知与风险的客观性混同,将风险事件是否发生作为衡量风险本身客观性的依据,在逻辑上存在瑕疵。由客观存在的风险引发的生物安全损害,理应纳入法律规制的范畴。可从立法模式、法律原则、赔偿范围、司法救济等方面入手,完善生物安全损害赔偿机制。我国目前正着手制定生物安全专门立法,可在该法中就生物安全风险规制、特别是损害赔偿做出明确的规定。

Legitimacy and Its Legal Framework of Biosafety Risk Regulations

The international community has long paid attention to the issue of biosafety damage compensation,having formed a legal mechanism framework after decades of efforts. Compared with the active efforts at the international level,the response of biosafety damage compensation legal mechanism at the level of national law is relatively cold,as is the case in China. The main reason for the controversy about modern biotechnology,that is derived from risk perception, is to confuse risk perception with objectivity of risk. It is logically flawed to take the non-occurrence of risk events as the basis for denying the objectivity of risk itself. Biosafety damage caused by objective risk should be included in the scope of legal regulation. To improve the compensation mechanism for biosafety damage compensation,we should start with the legislative model,legal principles,the scope of compensation and the litigation mechanism etc.,while making clear provisions in the special legislation on biosafety which is currently promoted.