网络中立帮助行为刑事处罚的边界新论--以帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪为视角

为遏制日益泛滥的网络犯罪,立法者增设了帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,但采取的扩张刑事法网及独立评价的策略给理论界、实务界带来了新的挑战。立法者一方面降低客观不法、主观罪过以及意思联络的要求以扩张刑事法网,另一方面又采取独立评价的方式限制处罚范围,但独立评价本身又有扩张处罚范围的一面。显然,如何限制处罚的范围是当务之急,但仅靠笼统的"情节严重"难以完成此任务,需强有力的理论支撑并建立可操作的类型化规则。客观说难以解释危险增量产生的机制,因而只能求助于主观不法论。在主观不法论的基础上,可建立类型化规则如下:偏重非法利用的帮助行为结合明知的心态可以成立帮助犯,无须意思联络,也无须其他旁证证明行为人具有主观故意;易于滥用的帮助行为结合故意的心态可以成立帮助犯,无须意思联络,但须其他更有力的证据证明行为人具有帮助的故意;偶被非法使用的帮助结合故意的心态并要求具有意思联络才成立帮助犯。

A New Discussion on the Boundary of the Criminal Punishment for Neutral Aiding Behavior in Internet

In order to curb the increasingly rampant Cyber-crimes, lawmakers have added the crime of aiding information Cyber-crimes.However, the strategy of expanding the criminal law net and independent evaluation has brought new challenges to the theoretical and practical circles.On the one hand, the legislators reducetherequirements of objective illegality, subjective fault and intention liaison to expand the criminal law net. On the other hand, independent evaluation is adopted to limitthe scope of punishment. However, the independent evaluation itself has one side of expanding the scope of punishment.Obviously, how to limit the scope of punishment is an urgent task, but it is difficult to achieve the goal only by providing the general provisions of "serious circumstances", and strong theoretical support is needed to establish operable classification rules. The mechanism of danger increment is difficult to be explained in objective theory, so the subjective illegality theory is resorted to. On the basis of the subjective illegality theory, the classification rules are established as follows: the main aiding behavior of illegal use combined with the mentality of knowing can establish the help crime, without meaning contact, without other circumstantial evidence to prove that the actor has subjective intent;the help behavior which is easy to be abused combined with the intentional state of mind can establish the help offense, without the intention connection, but other stronger evidence to prove that the actor has the intention of help;occasionally the illegal abuse of the help combined with intentional mentality and requires that there be a meaning to contact to establish the help offense.