在经验与规范之间:试验立法及其类型化——一种立法进路的提倡

立法理想与法律运行实践间背离的中国境遇,以文本法律不完全是"能用之法",且立法承诺在执法中不能全部兑现之困局为现实表征。以进化论理性主义的哲学立场和无知论的知识假设为理论支撑,采取反复试错、吸纳建议、对话商谈等自发性工具,将实践证明可行的执法经验提炼与抽象,进而升华为普遍性规则的试验立法进路,是修正建构论唯理主义立法进路并撬动当前格局的一个支点。试验立法进路以"采纳—辐射"这个简式架构为运作逻辑。目前的试验立法主要有尝试探索型试验立法、落实测试型试验立法与示范效仿型试验立法三种模式。试验立法的实践性意味着多数立法活动将建立在证据或实证研究的基础上,也将具有方法论的意义,有望成为我国立法方法法定化的发展方向。

Experimental Legislation and Categorization between Experience and Norms-A Proposal from Legislative Perspective

Deviation arises between legislative ideology and performance of law in China,which means le-gal texts are not all applicable law and legal promises failed to be fully accomplished in enforcement of law. Based on the philosophy of evolution theory and rationalism,as well as the knowledge presumption of agnosti-cism,self-generating instruments have been adopted such as trial and errors,absorption of suggestions,dia-logue and discussion,so that the experiences of enforcement of law which are proved feasible have been re-fined and abstracted in order to be sublimed as general principles. This experimental legislation method is the trigger to correct the construction of fideism and to change the current pattern. Adhering to the functional logic of a simple structure named as“adoption-dissemination”,the experimental legislation method includes three categories of trial and exploration,implementation of experiments and imitation upon demonstration. The prac-tice of experimental legislation means most legislations are based on evidence and positive research,enjoying methodological significance as well,which may stand for the trend of a statutory methodology for the legislation in our country.