“四要件”与“三阶层”犯罪论体系评述

俄罗斯的犯罪构成理论与德国的构成要件理论都是以费尔巴哈的Thatbestand理论为基础发展起来的,却形成了两种不同的犯罪论体系。俄罗斯的犯罪构成理论继承了费氏Thatbestand理论的完整性和统一性,构建了今天占通说地位的"四要件"犯罪构成理论体系。以贝林为代表的古典犯罪论体系将主观要素与评价要素从构成要件中切割出去,形成了三阶层犯罪论体系中的"支离破碎的构成要件";后又经新古典犯罪论体系、目的主义犯罪论体系、目的理性犯罪论体系的演变,重新将主观要素与评价要素逐渐复归于构成要件,这是德日三阶层犯罪论体系中的构成要件理论向费尔巴哈最初主张的Thatbestand理论的一种回归。

Review on Crime Theories of "Four Constituents" and "Three-Level Constituents" System

Based on Feuerbach’s Thatbestand theory,two different crime constituent theories developed in Russia and Germany respectively.In Russia,the crime theory of "Four Constituents" has inherited the integration and consistency of Feuerbach’s Thatbestand theory.While in Germany and Japan,originally the classical crime theory represented by Beilin was a three-level system with "broken and fragmentary constituents" since the subjective and evaluation elements have been abandoned.Afterwards,with the evolution of new classic crime theory,the purposive crime theory,and purpose rationale criminal theory,the subjective and evaluation elements have been resumed in crime constituents,indicating that the crime theory of three-level constituents in Germany and Japan has returned to Feuerbach’s Thatbestand theory.