侵权违法阻却事由论纲

违法阻却事由与抗辩事由、免责事由系不同的概念,我国侵权法应在承认违法性独立地位的基础上,赋予违法阻却事由以独立意义。应该在坚持“结果不法说”的违法性理论前提下,对侵害他人权益行为进行有限的违法性推定,将属于合法权利行使的部分从传统违法阻却事由中剥离出去。要深刻把握违法性与可责性在传统构成要件理论中的不同价值及内在逻辑顺序,以“结果不法说”为基点,将违法阻却事由适用于全部侵权行为,明确虽具违法性但不具可贵性加害行为的定性,并以此为契机,确立“侵权行为”在现代侵权法中的核心地位。

On the System of Justifiable Cause in Tort

Justifiable cause, defense and exemption are different concepts. Our country’s tort law shall endow independent significance to the justifiable cause based on the recognition of the independence of illegality. Adhering to the "doctrine of illegal result" in illegality theory, the presumption of illegality should be adopted in a limited way on acts which infringe the rights and interests of others and the part of exercising legitimate right should be stripped out from traditional justifiable cause. The illegality and culpability under the theory of traditional constitutive elements have different values and inner logical orders, which should be understood profoundly. Based on the "doctrine of illegal result", the justifiable causes should be applied to all torts, and the nature of infringing acts, which are illegal but not culpable, should be specified. Moreover, it is suggested to establish the "tortious acts" as the core of modern tort law.