合同解除效果与违约责任——以请求权基础为视角之检讨

《合同法》第97条的"恢复原状"属于返还上独立的请求权基础,具有债权效力。依据该条的"恢复原状"主张不当得利返还或所有权返还并无法律依据。解除后实物返还不能时的折价补偿,以及因返还产生的费用均属返还义务而非损害赔偿义务的内容。《合同法》第97条的"赔偿损失"并非因解除而生独立的损害赔偿请求权。在违约导致合同解除的场合,当事人可依据《合同法》第107条主张履行利益的损害赔偿。除行使任意解除权外,当事人原则上只能依据《合同法》第42条的缔约过失责任规范来主张信赖利益损害赔偿。另外,合同解除与违约责任可以并存。违约金请求权原则上不受合同解除的影响。

Rescission of Contracts and Liability for Breach of Contracts——A Review from the Perspective of Claim of Rights

In accordance with Article 97 of the Contract Law, the claim to“restitution” is an independ- ent right and has the legal effect of creditor＇ s rights. Thus there is no legal ground to claim for unjust enrich- ment or ownership restitution under this provision. The monetary compensation due to failure of restitution and the relevant expenses thereof account for obligation of restitution rather than damages. So the “damages” regu- lated in Article 97 is not independent claim right upon rescission. In case of rescission caused by breach of contract, parties concerned can claim for performance damages according to provisions of Article 107. Apart from discretional rescission, parties concerned can only claim for damages of reliance due to negligence in con- tracting in accordance with Article 42. Moreover, rescission of contracts and liability for breach of contract can coexist. In principle, the claim right for damages of breach of contract is not affected by rescission of contract.