民事裁判中的人权保障

人权具有普世价值,其不仅存在于政治国家,对市民社会同样具有统帅作用。廓清人权与民事权利的关系是实现民事裁判中人权保障的前提。纯粹国家取向的人权、国家私人二元取向的人权与民事权利的关系决定了这两种人权不存在在民事裁判中的适用问题,可拓展性国家取向的人权则可以通过间接介入的方式在民事裁判中发挥作用。其作用主要体现在:在民事裁判中作为评价民事行为的界限、认定民事责任的界限(包括构成阻却违法性的考量要件、构成认定主观过错的考量要件)、法律适用中解释与价值填补的功能发挥。

The Protection of Human Rights in Civil Judgments

The universal value of human rights exists not only in political states but also plays a guiding role in civil societies. Clarification of the relationship between human rights and civil rights is a precondition for the realization of the protection of human rights in civil judgments. Pure state-orientated human rights and the state and private dual orientations of the relationship between human rights and civil rights determine that the two types of human rights do not have the problem of applications in civil judgments while extended state-orientation of human rights can play its function in civil judgments by way of indirect intervention. Its functions are reflected in the boundaries of assessing civil conduct in civil judgments, the boundaries of ascertaining civil liabilities ( including requirements constituting prevention of illegality and the requirements establishing subjective fault), and the gap-filling function of interpretation and value in legal application.