当代西方人权批判理论述评

虽然人权是当今世界一个非常强势的政治和伦理话语,但它一直面临着来自各方面的质疑。从19世纪的社会主义、自由主义、保守主义的批评到当今社群主义和后现代主义的诘难,西方社会对人权的批判一直没有停止过。当代西方人权批判从如下四个相互关联的视角展开:一是道德批判;二是法律批判;三是政治批判;四是社会批判。鉴于存在上述批判,需要认真对待谁之人权、何种人权以及人权的道德局限问题,人权的理论与实践仍然是一个开放的命题。

Review on Western Critical Theories on Human Rights

As a very strong political and ethical discourse nowadays, human rights have nevertheless been confronted with many challenges constantly. From criticisms of socialism, liberalism, conservatism in the nine-teenth century to the present rebuke by the communitarianism and postmodernism, the discourse of human rights has aroused numerous controversies. The modern criticism of human rights comes from four perspectives of moral, legal, political and social aspects. With regard to these criticisms, problems as to whose human rights, which kind of human rights and the moral limits of human rights should be taken seriously. The theory and practice of human rights are still an open -up issue.