论我国公民的免于匮乏权

美国前总统富兰克林.罗斯福面对经济危机提出了包括公民应该享有"免于匮乏的自由"的著名四大自由。我国的法学理论中虽然没有这一概念,但宪法中关于"国家合理安排积累和消费,兼顾国家、集体和个人的利益,在发展生产的基础上,逐步改善人民的物质生活和文化生活"的规定,实质上就是关于公民免于匮乏权的表述。本文从现代国家的职责、国家权利(义务)与公民权利(义务)关系的角度论述了保障公民免于匮乏权是国家的法律义务,不能将此任推给公民家庭及个人,并通过对我国实践的剖析,提出应当避免过度从政策层面、经济层面及公民个人努力层面对公民进行免于匮乏权保障的路径选择,而应靠国家义务性、实践路径上的法律制度性来实现。

On Citizens' rights of Free from Want in our Country

The former US president Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his famous Four Freedoms speech during the economic depression, including the citizens’ right to be free from want. Though there is no such concept in the law and jurisprudence in our country, specific regulations of our Constitution Law have established that, "The state properly apportions accumulation and consumption, pays attention to the interests of the collective and the individual as well as of the state and, on the basis of expanded production, gradually improves the material and cultural life of the people." Such regulations by nature have illustrated the citizens’ rights to be free from want. From the perspectives of modern states’ responsibility, and rights and obligation relationship between the state and citizens, this paper attempts to explicate that it is the state’s legal obligation to protect the citizen from want rather than shirking such obligation towards individuals and their families. Based on practice and actual situations, to protect the citizens from want should pursue the path of imposing legal obligation on the state and relying on legal systems to accomplish implementation in practice, while the path of excessively relying on political, economic and individual efforts should be abandoned.