法国宪法基本权利的概念与借鉴

作为法国宪法的基本范畴之一,基本权利概念的出现以宪法委员会之基本权利保障职能的活性化为基础,借鉴了外国法的表述,通过宪法裁判获得承认,并于2008年修宪确认于宪法典正文中。基本权利概念出现的原因在于,传统的公共自由只能防御行政权的侵害,而不具有对抗法律的效果,因此,需要反思传统的法律至上主义人权观、实现基本权利及其宪法规范的至上性。相应地,基本权利的论证路径也经历了从主观主义到客观主义的演变。外国法与比较法在我国基本权利研究中应用不足,法国的基本权利概念对我国学术界辨析基本权利与宪法权利的名称、基本权利的论证路径均有借鉴意义。

On the Concept of Fundamental Rights in French Constitution and Its Reference Significance

As a basis of French Constitution,the concept of fundamental rights arises from the application of fundamental rights protection by the Constitutional committee,takes reference from foreign law expressions,was confirmed by the constitution judgment,and finally integrated into the Constitution through its amendment in 2008. Since traditionally public freedom can only prevent the infringement of administrative power yet can not confront the law,such supremacy of law should be reflected so as to establish the ...