立法伦理与算法正义——算法主体行为的法律规制

人类设计算法、运用算法的最终目的是为了增强自身解决问题的能力,进一步提升生活水平并优化社会结构。算法黑箱存在的前提预设是人类对因果关系的认知断裂,算法黑箱针对自动化决策过程中特定的算法用户。在一系列的数据代码背后是算法主体的行为目标和价值选择,不同价值选择加上算法的涌现性和自主性的复杂特质导致相关法律关系主体的权利冲突。人类的有限理性是算法底层逻辑的道德基础,算法的底层指令和代码归根结底是人类的思考方式的展现,在这一逻辑前提下,为算法立法的过程就还原为对于算法主体行为的法律规制问题。立法伦理为法律关系主体行为的合法性和合理性提供了德性基石,算法主体的理性认知要符合立法伦理要求。从立法原则、立法技术、程序机制和价值规范等方面规制算法主体的行为,最终迈向算法正义。

Legislative Ethics and Algorithmic Justice——Legal Regulation on the Behavior of Algorithm Subjects

The ultimate goal of human beings to design and use algorithms is to enhance their ability to solve problems,further improve their living standards and optimize the social structure.The premise of the existence of algorithm black box is the cognitive fracture of human causality,and the algorithm black box is aimed at specific algorithm users in the process of automated decision-making.Behind a series of data codes are the behavioral goals and value choices of the algorithm subjects,and different value choices plus the complex characteristics of the emergent properties and autonomy of the algorithm lead to the conflict of rights of the relevant legal relationship subjects.The bounded rationality of human beings is the moral basis of the underlying logic of the algorithm,and the underlying instructions and codes of the algorithm are in the final analysis the display of human thinking mode.Legislative ethics provides the foundation of morality for the legality and rationality of the legal subject’s behavior,and the rational cognition of the algorithmic subject should meet the requirements of legislative ethics.From the aspects of legislative principles,legislative technology,procedural mechanism and value norms,we can regulate the behavior of algorithmic subjects and ultimately move towards algorithmic justice.