功能分化社会的“去分化”?——权力生产性与权力媒介性的理论冲突及其消解

在功能分化的现代社会中,以卢曼为代表的权力媒介观和以福柯为典型的权力生产观形成了针锋相对的价值立场。在系统理论看来,权力作为政治系统“象征性的普遍化沟通媒介”,维系着功能分化的社会结构,所以权力的媒介性具有自我限制的意义。但是,福柯以权力驱逐法律运作、生产知识话语和控制性实践为例,揭示了权力的生产性对社会的全面宰制和“去分化”的倾向。为了消解权力生产性所带来的“去分化”的危险,应当将权力领域限缩于政治系统,以“去主体化”的立场和“沟通”的衔接性理解权力的运作逻辑,并通过作为结构耦合的宪法与基本权利,既实现由权力到法的符码转译,同时又确保社会子系统内部的强制性力量关系具有正当性与合法性。

The De-Differentiation of Functionally Differentiated Society?—The Theoretical Conflict and Resolution Between Power Production and Power Mediation

In modern society with functional differentiation,the power media view represented by Luhmann and the power production concept represented by Foucault form a tit-for-tat value stand.In the view of the system theory,power as a“symbolic universal communication medium”of the political system maintains the social structure of functional differentiation,so the mediation of power has a self-limiting meaning.However,Foucault takes the example of power-excluded legal operation,producing knowledge discourse and controlling practice.He believes that the productive nature of power shows a tendency to comprehensively control the society and“demarcation of the boundary”.In order to eliminate the danger of“de-differentiation”brought about by the productiveness of power,the power field should be limited to the political system,and the logic of the operation of power should be understood through the“de-hosting”position and the“communication”.And through the constitution and fundamental rights as the structural coupling,it not only realizes the code translation from power to law but also ensures the legitimacy and legitimacy of the mandatory power relationship within the social subsystems.