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Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines: IV. Optimisation of sample preparation |
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| Authors: | Andersson Kjell Jalava Kaisa Lock Eric Huizer Henk Kaa Elisabet Lopes Alvaro Poortman-van der Meer Anneke Cole Michael D Dahlén Johan Sippola Erkki |
| Institution: | 1. Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science-SKL, SE-581 94 Linköping, Sweden;2. National Bureau of Investigation, P.O. Box 285, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland;3. Institut de Police Scientifique, University of Lausanne, Batiment de Chimie, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland;4. Netherlands Forensic Institute, Postbus 24044, 2490AA Den Haag, The Netherlands;5. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark;6. Laboratorio de Policia Cientifica, Policia Judiciaria, Rua Gomes Freire 174, 1169-007 Lisbon, Portugal;g Forensic Science Unit, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom |
| Abstract: | The suitability of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the preparation of impurity extracts intended for gas chromatographic profiling analyses of amphetamine were evaluated. Both techniques were optimised with respect to the extraction of selected target compounds by use of full factorial designs in which the variables affecting the performance were evaluated. Test samples consisted of amphetamine synthesised by the Leuckart reaction, by reductive amination of benzyl methyl ketone and by the nitrostyrene route. The performance of LLE and SPE were comparable in terms of repeatability and recovery of the target compounds. LLE was considered the better choice for the present harmonised amphetamine profiling method due to the lack of information on the long-term stability of SPE columns. |
| Keywords: | Amphetamine Impurities Profiling Optimisation SPE LLE GC-FID GC–MS |
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