论监督型民事抗诉制度的回归及路线

我国民事抗诉制度始终身处救济型的定位,既有悖于检察机关的法律监督者身份,也使抗诉的现实功用一路下滑,终至角色尴尬、权能虚化的境地。为从根本上逆转这一颓势,改革应以监督型抗诉替代救济型抗诉为基本方向,实施策略则是在纯粹的法律监督导向下重塑抗诉制度。如此,抗诉的事由首先将被限于程序违法和国家利益、社会公共利益受损;其后,检察机关理当自主地行使监督权,拥有独立提起抗诉和迳行启动再审审理的能力和权力;最后,检察机关的参与造成了再审审理的对象及主体结构上的特殊,有必要另设与之相宜的独立抗诉再审程序。

The Path to Regain the Supervised Role for Civil Protest

The civil prosecutorial protest in China is always defined as a relief procedure, which run counter to the supervisor role of our prosecuting authority and lead to significant impairment of the realistic function of protest system. In order to turn the tide, the reformation lie in the measurement to replace the relief-protest with the supervised one,which means to rebuild the protest system with the guidance of "supervision". As a result, reasons for lodging a protest would be restricted on the breach of procedural law, the damage of national interest and public interest. Subsequently, the prosecuting authority has the right and power to supervise independently. Finally, the following re-trial procedure should acclimatize itself to the special target and unique structure of subjects.