论刑事证据资格之多重性

刑事证据的初级资格旨在为法律决定之事实基础提供一般合理性根据,高级资格旨在为法律决定之事实基础提供高度合理性根据,主观资格旨在保障证据材料在价值上的可接受性。由于我国理论及实践对上述不同性质、不同种类的证据资格缺乏深入而清晰的认识,因而在刑事证据资格制度上存在初级资格要求不明确,高级资格没有严格区分始端资格与终端资格,主观资格偏离价值本位且取向较为单一等主要问题,从而在某种程度上导致刑事证据使用的不当,甚至酿成冤假错案。为了更加合理地使用刑事证据,我国的刑事证据资格制度应当明确初级资格要求,严格区分始端资格与终端资格,让主观资格回归其价值本位并且使之进一步合理化。

On the Multiplicity of the Competence of Criminal Evidence

While the primary competence of criminal evidence is to provide general rationality for the fact of legal decision,and senior competence is to provide high rationality for that,subjective competence is to ensure the acceptance of evidence materials.The lack of deep and clear conception of above different kinds of competence in the Chinese criminal justice system results in such problems as that requirement of primary competence is vague,it ignores the differentiation between the beginning competence and the terminal competence about senior competence,and subjective competence deviates its orientation,and its value content is in some sense single.In order to use criminal evidence more reasonably,the Chinese competence system of criminal evidence should make clear the requirement of primary competence,discriminate strictly the beginning competence and the terminal competence,and let subjective competence come back to where it should be and make it more reasonable.